All Issue

2024 Vol.39, Issue 4 Preview Page

Research Article

29 February 2024. pp. 465-475
Abstract
This study analyzes and compares the use of English future markers—“will” and “be going to”—by native speakers (NS) and Korean learners (NNS). The datasets were extracted from a native speaker corpus, the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), and a learner corpus, the Incheon National University Learner Corpus (MULC). They were compared to identify similarities and differences in using the futures between NS and NNS. The results show that native speakers use both forms more frequently in their speech. In contrast, Korean learners tend to use—or overuse—“will” significantly in writing and “be going to” in speaking, relative to their native counterparts. However, no significant difference is observed in the frequency of use of “be going to” in writing and “will” in speaking. Pedagogical implications are also presented.
References
  1. Al-Jabbawi, M. F. and Majee, N. J. 2021. Frequency of spoken and written modal nerbs used by ESL/EFL students in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) Inst. Basic Education College Magazine For Educational and Humanities Sciences 13.54, 546-558.
  2. Berglund, Y. 2000a. Gonna and going to in the spoken component of the British National Corpus. In Corpus linguistics and linguistic theory (pp. 35-49). Brill, 35-49. 10.1163/9789004490758_005 10653082
  3. Berglund, Y. 2000b. “You’re gonna, you’re not going to”: a corpus-based study of colligation and collocation patterns of the (BE) going to construction in Present-day spoken British English. In PALC’99: Practical Applications in Language Corpora: Papers from the International Conference at the University of Lódz, 15-18 April 1999, 161-192.
  4. Blakemore, D. 2002. Relevance and linguistic meaning: The semantics and pragmatics of discourse markers (Vol. 99). Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511486456
  5. Brisard, F. 2001. Be going to: An exercise in grounding. Journal of linguistics 37.2, 251-285. 10.1017/S0022226701008866
  6. Cayer, R. L. and Sacks, R. K. 1979. Oral and written discourse of basic writers: Similarities and differences. Research in the Teaching of English 13.2, 121-128.
  7. Choi, I. 2017. How do Korean EFL learners acquire the English modal auxiliaries can, could, may, and might?: A learner corpus study. Studies in Modern Grammar 92, 233-248. 10.14342/smog.2017.92.233
  8. Gablasova, D., Brezina, V., and McEnery, T. 2017. Exploring learner language through corpora: Comparing and interpreting corpus frequency information. Language Learning 67.S1, 130-154. 10.1111/lang.12226
  9. Heo, K. 2022. Analysis of the Pragmatic Meaning of Will and Be going to: Focusing on Core and Speaker Meanings in Relevance Theory. Journal of Studies in Language 38.2, 157-168.
  10. Hong, K. 2008. A critical analysis of usage differences in will and be going to in terms of pedagogical grammar. Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics 8.4, 523-545. 10.15738/kjell.8.4.200812.523
  11. Kim, S. 2018. Linguistic complexity and register appropriateness of Korean EFL learners’ academic writings. Studies in English Education 23.1, 29-62. 10.22275/SEE.23.1.02
  12. Klinge, A. 1993. The English modal auxiliaries: from lexical semantics to utterance interpretation. Journal of Linguistics 29.2, 315-357. 10.1017/S0022226700000359
  13. Lee, C. 2014. Corpus Evidence of Syntactic Environmental Traits of Future Construction, Be going to and Will. The New Studies of English Language & Literature 57, 269-288.
  14. Lee, K. 2020. Chinese ESL Writers’ Use of English Contrastive Markers. English Language Teaching 32.4, 89-110.
  15. Leech, G. N. 2014. Meaning and the English verb. Routledge. 10.4324/9781315835464
  16. Martin, W. and Weltens, J. 1973. A frequency-note on the expression of futurity in English. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 21.3, 289-298.
  17. Park, S. 2020. A corpus study of modal verbs in Korean learners’ speech. Journal of Linguistic Studies 25.2, 121-137. 10.21291/jkals.2020.25.2.6
  18. Park, S. 2022. A corpus-based comparison of syntactic complexity in spoken and written learner language. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics 25.2, 47-70. 10.37213/cjal.2022.32477
  19. Park, S. in review. Korean EFL learners’ contrastive connectors in a written Corpus.
  20. Pojanapunya, P. and Watson Todd, R. 2018. Log-likelihood and odds ratio: Keyness statistics for different purposes of keyword analysis. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 14.1, 133-167. 10.1515/cllt-2015-0030
  21. Quirk, R. and Crystal, D. 2010. A Comprehensive grammar of the English Language. Pearson Education India.
  22. Saric, A. 2016. Developmental patterns in the interlanguage research. European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 3.2, 233-246. 10.26417/ejser.v6i2.p242-255
  23. Seog, D. S. Y., Lee, Y. S., and Choi, I. 2019. Use of English Futures, Will vs. Be Going to: A Corpus-Based Comparison Study. Studies in Modern Grammar 102, 205-223. 10.14342/smog.2019.102.205
  24. Seog, D. S. Y. and Choi, I. 2018. Interlanguage development of young Korean EFL learners’ modal usage: A learner corpus study. Linguistic Research 35, 83-103. 10.17250/khisli.35..201809.004
  25. Siyanova, A. and Schmitt, N. 2007. Native and nonnative use of multi-word vs. one-word verbs. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 45, 119-139. 10.1515/IRAL.2007.005
  26. Szmrecsanyi, B. 2003. Be going to versus will/shall: Does syntax matter? Journal of English Linguistics 31, 295-323. 10.1177/0075424203257830
  27. Tyler, A. and Jan, H. 2017. Be going to and will: talking about the future using embodied experience. Language and cognition 9.3, 412-445. 10.1017/langcog.2016.10
  28. Yoon, S., Park, S., and Yoo, H. 2022. Learner Corpus: Collection and Application of the English Part of Incheon National University Multi-Language Learner Corpus (INU-MULC). Korean Journal of Applied Linguistics 38.4, 33-58.10.17154/kjal.2022.12.38.4.33
Information
  • Publisher :The Modern Linguistic Society of Korea
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국현대언어학회
  • Journal Title :The Journal of Studies in Language
  • Journal Title(Ko) :언어연구
  • Volume : 39
  • No :4
  • Pages :465-475